How Can I Tell if it's Silver or Silver Plated?
In the world of antiques, the line between silver and silver-plated can be deceptively thin. As dealers, we’ve all seen it—the moment someone brings in a cherished piece, convinced it’s solid silver, only for a closer examination to reveal otherwise. It’s an easy mistake to make; after all, silver-plated items were crafted to mimic their solid counterparts, often with impressive skill. But understanding the difference is essential, not just for assessing value but for appreciating the craftsmanship and context of each piece. Allow me to share the most reliable methods of identification, each with its own advantages and pitfalls, to help you discern the genuine article from its plated counterpart. You can, of course, reach out to DC Silver (www.dcsilver.com) for guidance about specific items.
1. Hallmark Examination
Method: Look for hallmarks or stamps. Sterling silver often bears marks like "925" or "Sterling," while plated items might carry terms such as "EPNS" (Electroplated Nickel Silver) or "Silverplate."
Pros: Non-invasive; highly reliable if the marks are legible and authentic.
Cons: Fakes and worn marks can mislead; some country marks can be obscure. Not all solid silver is marked at all.
2. Nitric Acid Testing
Method: Apply a silver-testing acid in a discreet area. Solid silver reacts distinctly compared to plated metals.
Pros: Highly accurate when done properly.
Cons: Requires skill and good judgment. Acid can scar silver if used improperly
3. Ultrasound or XRF Analysis
Method: High-tech approaches like X-ray fluorescence (XRF) precisely identify the metal’s composition.
Pros: Accurate and non-invasive.
Cons: Expensive and not easily accessible for casual collectors. XRF only penetrates so many microns into silver, so heavily plated items can give false readings.
4. Scratch Test
Method: Lightly scratch the surface in an inconspicuous area to see if a base metal is revealed.
Pros: Straightforward and effective.
Cons: Causes damage; unsuitable for valuable or antique pieces.
5. Magnet Test
Method: Use a magnet. Solid silver is non-magnetic, while plated items may use magnetic base metals like steel or nickel.
Pros: Quick, cheap, and non-invasive. Good for scanning a pile of jewelry.
Cons: Some plated items use non-magnetic metals, leading to false positives.
6. Weight Comparison
Method: You can conduct a specific gravity test on silver.
Pros: Non-invasive and useful for experienced dealers.
Cons: Technically can be complicated for some
7. Conductivity Test
Method: Test the thermal or electrical conductivity of the piece. Silver is an excellent conductor compared to most base metals.
Pros: Scientific and non-damaging.
Cons: Requires specialized equipment and expertise.
A Word of Wisdom
Each method has its place, depending on the piece and the stakes. For the novice, hallmarks and a good loupe are your best starting tools. But remember, even the best techniques can falter in the face of clever forgeries. Approach every shiny surface with both curiosity and caution—solid silver has a story worth preserving, and part of that story lies in knowing it for what it truly is.